AJAVS Cover
Frequency: Quarterly
ISSN: 1557-4555 (Print)
ISSN: 1557-4563 (Online)
Research Article Open Access

Eco-Friendly Eggshell Meal on Milk Yield and Quality of Holstein Friesian Cows

Ambo Ako1, Renny Fatmyah Utamy1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Muhammad Irfan Said1, Muhammad Hatta1, Nurul Sulfi Andini2, Lizah Khairani3, Andi Ni’matul Churriyah4, Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa5, Andi Arif Rahman6, Silvi7, Rara Mufliha7, Zyahrul Ramadan7 and Purnama Isti Khaerani8
  • 1 Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 2 Department of Pathology Veterinary, Faculty of Medical, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 3 Departement of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
  • 4 Departement of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 5 Center for Standardization and Services on Plantation, Metallic Minerals and Maritime Industries, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 6 Laboratories at the Laboratory of Dairy Cow, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 7 Undergraduate Student of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
  • 8 Postgraduate School, Agriculture System, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract

Mineral deficiencies, particularly a lack of Calcium (Ca), can have a detrimental effect on the performance of livestock, including dairy cows. While commercial sources of Ca are commonly used in dairy cow feed, they may not always be available or affordable. In this regard, introducing a new approach that utilizes eggshell meal as a natural source of Ca can not only improve milk yield and quality but also reduce waste. Therefore, we experimented to evaluate whether an eco-friendly eggshell meal could be a viable alternative source of Ca for Holstein Friesian dairy cows and improve milk yield and quality. We used 20 cows (ethical consideration No. 470/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2023) that were experimented with different levels of eggshell meal in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The experimental diets were as follows; eggshell meal 0%+ commercial mineral 100% (EM0+ CM100); EM 25%+ CM 75%; EM 50%+ CM 50%; EM 75%+ CM 25%; and EM 100%+ CM 0%. The results showed that the eco-friendly eggshell meal as a source of Ca increased the milk yield by up to 100%. The intake of dry matter and milk quality, such as pH, density, CP, and P, had a similar effect on commercial minerals. Therefore, eggshell meal could effectively replace commercial mineral supplements in the diets of Holstein Friesian dairy cows. Not only does this approach lead to increased milk yield and Ca content in the milk, but it also has the potential to reduce waste in eggshell production. By utilizing eggshell meal as a raw material for mineral source feed, dairy farmers can promote environmental sustainability and improve the efficiency of the dairy sector.

References

Aditya, S., Stephen, J., & Radhakrishnan, M. (2021). Utilization of Eggshell Waste in Calcium-Fortified Foods and other Industrial Applications: A Review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 115, 422–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.047
Ahmed, T. A. E., Wu, L., Younes, M., & Hincke, M. (2021). Biotechnological Applications of Eggshell: Recent Advances. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9, 675364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.675364
Aminah, S., & Meikawati, W. (2016). Calcium Content and Flour Yield of Poultry Eggshell with Acetic Acid Extraction. The 4th University Research Colloquium (URECOL) 2016, 49–53.
Azzumar, M., Khairiyati, L., Munir, M., Syahadi, M., Sardjono, H., Faisal, A., Perangin-Angin, W. K., Yayienda, N. F., Amalia, H., & Chotimah Alwahid Setiawan, A. K. (2022). Software Development and Its Validation for Semi-Automatic Measurement of Multifunction Calibrator. International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 14(1), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2022.14.1.11
Baláž, M., Boldyreva, E. V., Rybin, D., Pavlović, S., Rodríguez-Padrón, D., Mudrinić, T., & Luque, R. (2021). State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 8, 612567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.612567
Burezq, H. A. (2021). Utilization of Eggshell as Valuable Products for Sustainable Ecosystem and Agriculture. Poultry Science Journal, 9(2), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.22069/PSJ.2021.19210.1699
Dong, L., Li, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Qiao, Z., Sang, S., Zhang, J., Zhan, S., Wu, Z., & Liu, L. (2023). Research Advances of Advanced Glycation end Products in Milk and Dairy Products: Formation, Determination, Control Strategy and Immunometabolism Via Gut Microbiota. Food Chemistry, 417, 135861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135861
Duplessis, M., & Royer, I. (2023). Mini-Review: The Importance of an Integrated Approach to Assess Trace Mineral Feeding Practices in Dairy Cows. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4, 1155361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1155361
Eltahir, H. A., Ali, H. A., Mohammed, F. A., Mohammed, H., Mohamed, A., Eltgani, O. O., Yahia, N. S., Burma, A. A., & Hassan, Y. M. (2024). A Survey on Major Infertility Causes in Crossbred Dairy Cattle Farms in Nyala City - South Darfur State - Sudan. American Journal of Zoology, 7(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20240701.12
Gómez-Alvarez, L. M., & Zapata Montoya, J. E. (2024). Effect of Fortification with CaCO3 Nanoparticles Obtained from Eggshell on the Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Three Food Matrices. Heliyon, 10(2), e24442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24442
Gul, F., Amin, H., Naz, S., Khan, M. T., Alhidary, I. A., Khan, R. U., Pugliese, G., & Tufarelli, V. (2024). Evaluation of Blood Minerals and Oxidative Stress Changing Pattern in Prepartum and Postpartum Achai and Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 59(1), e14525. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.14525
Hasniar, H., Malesi, L., & Nafiu, L. O. (2021). Kualitas Telur Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Pakan Campuran Tepung Kulit Ari Biji Kedelai (Glycine max) Fermentasi Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Halu Oleo, 3(4), 374–378. https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v3i4.21097
Hassan, N. M. M. (2015). Chicken Eggshell Powder as Dietary Calcium Source in Biscuits. World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences, 10(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjdfs.2015.10.2.1152
Khairnar, M. D., & Nair, S. S. (2019). Study on Eggshell and Fruit Peels as a Fertilizer. International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2019), 25–27.
Latimer Jr., G. W. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (18th ed., Vol. 3). Oxford University Press.
Lean, I. J., & Golder, H. M. (2023). Pasture Minerals for Dairy Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 39(3), 439–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.05.003
Liu, W., Tang, C., Cai, Z., Jin, Y., Ahn, D. U., & Huang, X. (2023). The Effectiveness of Polypeptides from Phosvitin and Eggshell Membrane in Enhancing the Bioavailability of Eggshell Powder Calcium and its Accumulation in Bones. Food Bioscience, 51, 102257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102257
Nandhini, K., & Karthikeyan, J. (2022). Effective Utilization of Waste Eggshell Powder in Cement Mortar. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, 428–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.328
Okpanachi, U., Yusuf, K. A., Ikubaje, M. K., & Okpanachi, G. C. A. (2021). Effects of Egg Shell Meal on the Performance and Haematology of Layers and Their Egg Quality. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2020.1838111
Rohim, R., Ahmad, R., Ibrahim, N., Hamidin, N., & Abidin, C. Z. A. (2014). Characterization of Calcium Oxide Catalyst from Eggshell Waste. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22), 35–38.
Sabir, P. S., & Abbas, K. A. (2023). Effect of Strontium Ranelate and Cerium Oxide Addition in the Diet on Egg Production and Eggshell Quality in Laying Hen. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 93(1), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v93i1.128219
Sathiparan, N. (2021). Utilization Prospects of Eggshell Powder in Sustainable Construction Material – A Review. Construction and Building Materials, 293, 123465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123465
Singh, A., Kelkar, N., Natarajan, K., & Selvaraj, S. (2021). Review on the Extraction of Calcium Supplements from Eggshells to Combat Waste Generation and Chronic Calcium Deficiency. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 46985–46998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15158-w
Stocco, G., Summer, A., Malacarne, M., Cecchinato, A., & Bittante, G. (2019). Detailed Macro- and Micromineral Profile of Milk: Effects of Herd Productivity, Parity, and Stage of Lactation of Cows of 6 Dairy and Dual-Purpose Breeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(11), 9727–9739. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16834
Yang, D., Zhao, J., Ahmad, W., Nasir Amin, M., Aslam, F., Khan, K., & Ahmad, A. (2022). Potential use of Waste Eggshells in Cement-Based Materials: A Bibliographic Analysis and Review of the Material Properties. Construction and Building Materials, 344, 128143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128143
Zhu, L., Ma, M., Ahn, D. U., Guyonnet, V., Wang, L., Zheng, Y., He, Q., Xiong, H., & Huang, X. (2022). Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes. Antioxidants, 11(12), 2428. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122428

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Volume 19 No. 2, 2024, 167-171

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.167.171

Submitted On: 25 January 2024 Published On: 26 May 2024

How to Cite: Ako, A., Utamy, R. F., Hasbi, H., Said, M. I., Hatta, M., Andini, N. S., Khairani, L., Churriyah, A. N., Khaerunnisa, K., Rahman, A. A., Silvi, ., Mufliha, R., Ramadan, Z. & Khaerani, P. I. (2024). Eco-Friendly Eggshell Meal on Milk Yield and Quality of Holstein Friesian Cows. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 19(2), 167-171. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2024.167.171

Open AccessCopyright: © 2024 Ambo Ako, Renny Fatmyah Utamy, Hasbi Hasbi, Muhammad Irfan Said, Muhammad Hatta, Nurul Sulfi Andini, Lizah Khairani, Andi Ni’matul Churriyah, Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa, Andi Arif Rahman, Silvi, Rara Mufliha, Zyahrul Ramadan and Purnama Isti Khaerani. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

  • 447 Views
  • 0 Downloads
  • 0 Citations

Download

Keywords

  • Commercial Mineral
  • Eggshell Meal
  • Holstein Friesian Dairy Cow
  • Milk Quality and Yield