Optimizing Lentil Breeding Models for South-East Kazakhstan: Yield, Adaptability, and Protein Enhancement

Abstract

This study presents the development of a model for optimizing lentil breeding in the agroclimatic conditions of southeastern Kazakhstan. By evaluating 31 lentil varieties and hybrid populations (F1, F2, and F3), key economically valuable traits such as yield, protein content, drought resistance, and adaptability to mechanized harvesting were identified. A systematic selection process enabled the creation of lentil variety models suited for both rainfed and irrigated farming, with emphasis on plant height, lower pod attachment, seed productivity, and biochemical composition. The developed models demonstrated improved yield potential, with a notable increase in crude protein content and adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions. These findings contribute to enhancing sustainable lentil production in Kazakhstan, ensuring food security and economic efficiency in agriculture.