Productivity of Horse and Camel Breeds from the Arid Zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the milk productivity and chemical composition of camel and horse milk. The research was conducted in the conditions of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan, where productive horse breeding and camel breeding were developed in the period from 2021-2022. When conducting experimental studies, the basic principles of natural maintenance and feeding of experimental animals were observed. The research results were processed using MS Excel software. The reliability of the difference in indicators (P) was determined by Fisher's criterion. The content of fat-protein-lactose-ash was 1.51, 2.35, 6.05 and 0.6% for mares of the Kazakh breed, 1.35, 2.23, 6.13 and 0.5% for the Kazakh Jabe horse and 1.29, 2.27, 6.2 and 0.6% for the Kazakh horse of the Adai offspring. In camels of the Kazakh Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 5.8 3.9, 5.1, and 0.9%. In dromedary camelids (Camelus dromedarius), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 4.1, 3.4, 4.5, and 0.8%. The average staging live weight in a one-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 243.8±8.9 kg and the removable live weight was 302.6±4.1 kg, that is, the increase in live weight was 24.1%. In two-year-old Kazakh Bactrians, the increase in live weight during autumn fattening was 15.9%, with an increase from 336.4-390.00 kg. The slaughter yield in 1.5-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 52.6% and in 2.5-year-old camels-53.2%.