Production and Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Properties of Broiler’s Composite Bone (BCB) Waste at Different Sintering Temperatures

Abstract

Bone is one of the perishable livestock wastes, so serious attention is needed. The wastes are produced by Poultry Slaughterhouse (PSh) primarily in the process of separating meat from bone to produce boneless products. The main constituent of bone is the crystals Ca and P, which are the major elements of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). The purpose of this study was to produce HAp from the Broiler’s Composite Bone (BCB) waste as well as to evaluate the properties of BCB at different sintering temperatures. HAp was produced through 3 stages, i.e., calcination, precipitation and sintering. The calcination was carried out at 1000°C for 5 h and the resultant was evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and followed by precipitation with HPO₄ 0.3 M. The next stage was sintering process, using 6 level temperatures of 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, 800° and followed by XRD analysis. The results showed that calcination at 1000°C for 5 h demonstrated the efficiency of 41.99%. The intensity peak of calcination of the BCB was found at 2θ: 32.5250°, 19.7200° and 21.1200° (before calcination) and 32.5187°, 33.5626° and 33.0000° (after calcination). Sintering condition demonstrated significant effects on HAp yield. We also found that sintering process at 700°C (97.2%) was the most optimum temperature to produce HAp from BCB.