Effects of Aerobic Exercise on PPAR-γ Expression in Adipose Tissue and RT-PCR Detection Analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of organized aerobic exercise on the expression level of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) gene in adipose tissue by performing digital variant of RT-PCR, Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) which is a highly sensitive method for counting the gene copy numbers. The proposed scheme consists of three-stage analytical procedure, namely, Subphase I Controlled Aerobic Intervention Modeling, which optimizes exercise intensity by normalizing physiological parameters; Subphase II High-Precision Molecular Quantification, which applies ddPCR with Poisson-based absolute copy number estimation to estimate gene-expression profiles; and Subphase III Algorithmic Statistical Inference, which constructs robust gene-expression profiles using normalization algorithms and variance stabilization modeling, as well as multivariate effect analysis. The results indicated that the aerobic group had 28–35% higher expression of PPAR-γ mRNA compared to the control group (p<0.05), and the insulin sensitivity indices increased by 22% in the aerobic group. ddPCR yielded about a 40% decrease in the quantification variability when compared to traditional qRT-PCR. The results provide a more precise molecular link between aerobic exercise and the transcriptional changes in adipose tissue, and offer a novel approach to combining absolute quantification with physiological modeling to investigate obesity prevention and metabolic disease.