Isolation and Characterization of Chemical Constituents, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of the Compounds from Leptadenia hastata Roots Extract By

Abstract

The aim of this work was to extract, isolate and characterise the chemical constituent from Leptadenia hastata roots. Fresh roots were washed and dried and was subjected to sequential maceration in polar and non-polar solvents. And introduced into rotary evaporator to concentrate the extract. Isolated compound was subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography and spectral analysis such as column and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used in the detection of the spots, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometric (GC-MS). Characterization was done using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Furrier Transform-Infra Ray (FT-IR) as shown the flow chart. Disc diffusion method was applied for the antibacterial test. Brine shrimp for cytotoxicity, DPPH for Antioxidant. The isolated compound were Methyl biphenyl-4-Carboxylate (1) and Methyl salicylate (2). Higher cytotoxicity was observed in the isolated pure compound with LC₅₀ of 8.770 µg/mL and 23.982 µg/mL. The Antioxidant IC50 activity was observed to be 77.79 µg/mL and 61.96 µg/mL and the compounds was observed to have significant activity on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. From this studies it was concluded that the isolated compounds from the root extract of Leptadenia hastata was confirmed as Methyl biphenyl-4-Carboxylate (1) and Methyl salicylate (2) and a very strong Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, was established. Antibacterial potential was observed against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. Thus could be used as an agent for anticancer, antibacterial and as a good source of antioxidant. This compounds though common was isolated and characterized for the first time from the roots extracts Leptadenia hastata.