e-Governance Practices in Nepal: Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies from the Local Level

Abstract

This research explores the integration of digital tools for e-governance at local levels in Nepal, with a particular emphasis on the current state of digitalization and the opportunities and challenges encountered at the local level. We collected data using a qualitative research methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews and reviewing relevant documents. The findings reveal substantial advancements in digital tools for public service delivery within revenue and taxation systems. However, persistent challenges remain, particularly in infrastructure, human resource capabilities, and data security. The study identifies opportunities such as improved service delivery, greater transparency, and cost efficiency while noting challenges like the digital divide, regulatory shortcomings, and resistance to technological change. To address these issues, the study suggests investing in digital infrastructure, enhancing human resource capacity, and implementing strong cybersecurity protocols. Recommendations also include scaling up effective systems, bridging infrastructure gaps, and reinforcing governance frameworks to realize the potential of e-governance fully. Highlighting the necessity for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven strategies, the research emphasizes the importance of deploying ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI) and developing the workforce to achieve efficient, transparent, and citizen-focused services. The study concludes that digital tools, when paired with artificial intelligence (AI), have the potential to transform public service delivery and improve governance results such as revenue growth 15%, process automation rate 90%, and citizen satisfaction (9/10). Addressing infrastructure and regulatory hurdles remains essential for successful implementation. Future studies should look at long-term research to assess how digital tools impact e-governance over time and examine specific digital projects to improve e-governance in places with limited resources like Nepal. This paper explores the current state of e-governance practices in Nepal from the local governance perspective, identifies key opportunities and challenges, and proposes strategic measures for effective and inclusive implementation.