Blockchain Integrated Distributed Threshold Elliptic Curve Cryptography Framework for Scalable and Secure Cloud Data Storage

Abstract

The development of cloud computing offers scalable processing capabilities, thereby enabling organizations to store and process sensitive data in the cloud. However, it faces crucial security challenges, as existing cryptographic and blockchain systems suffer from poor scalability and centralized key management, which creates a single point of failure and introduces vulnerabilities to both quantum and classical attacks. This research proposes a Distributed Threshold Elliptic Curve Cryptography (DT-ECC) framework integrated with blockchain to enhance security, resilience, and transparency. DT-ECC utilizes a threshold-based decentralized key generation mechanism, thereby eliminating a single point of failure and enhancing the security of cryptographic keys. Furthermore, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is integrated to ensure quantum-resilient key exchanges, while Merkle tree-based verification ensures tamper-proof data integrity. The DT-ECC provides robust key management, encryption, and decryption, thereby minimizing memory utilization and latency. Experimental results demonstrate that DT-ECC achieves a key generation time of 5.65 s and an encryption time of 5.90 s, respectively, for a data size of 30MB, thereby outperforming existing models in secure cloud data storage and transmission.