Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Date Seed Oil Grown in Sudan
- 1 Ministry of Science and Technology, Central Lab, Khartoum, Sudan
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alzaiem Alazhari, Khartoum, Sudan
- 3 Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries Animal Resources Research Corporation, Director General Office Khartoum, Sudan
- 4 ELRibat National University, Faculty of Pharmacy Khartoum, Sudan
Abstract
Problem statement: Studies were conducted on the physical-chemical properties of Sudanese date seed oil extracted from two date palm cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) ALBarakawi and Alqundeila. The extracted oil from ALBarakawi seeds weighed 6.833% w/w oil, Alqundeila oil extracted weighed 5.064% w/w. Approach: The physical properties of ALBarakawi oil were: viscosity: 17cp, refractive Index: 1.444, density: 0.9116 g cm-3 color: Within the range 1. 6-11.1 (red-yellow). For Alqundeila the physical properties were: viscosity: 20cp, refractive index: 1.458, density: 0.9174 g cm-3 color: 1.8-12.1 (red yellow). Results: The chemical properties were: Acid value 2.55, saponfication value 0.255 mg g-1, iodine value 71.12 gm I2/100 gm fat, peroxide value: 4.8 mg. Peroxide/Kgoil for ALBarakawi. For Alqundeila they were: acid value 2.47, saponfication value 0.267 mg g-1 and iodine value 83.31gm I2/100 gm fat, peroxide value: 7.4 mg Peroxide/Kgoil. In this study, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was utilized for the identification and quantification of vitamin E in these samples. The content of vitamin E for ALBarakawi was 5.821 and 6.054 ppm for Alqundeila. For the fatty acid content in these oils, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. The constituents of fatty acids (calculated % relative to total fatty acid constituents) in ALBarakawi were: Saturated lauric acid 37.10%, palmitic acid: 9.24%, Stearic acid 1.71%, Unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic acid (Omega-6) 4.33%, Oleic acid (Omega-9) 32.66%. For Alqundeila, the found fatty acids were: Saturated lauric acid o.11%, Palmitic acid: o.42%, Stearic acid 46.93%. Conclusion/Recommendations: The elements types and contents in these oils were: Iron 0.27 ppm, Magnesium 0.204 ppm, Sodium 60 ppm, Potassium 470 ppm, Calcium 25 ppm, Selenium 34.4 ppb for ALBarakawi. The contents of these elements in Alqundeila were: iron 0.27 ppm Magnesium 0.07 ppm, Potassium 2.3 ppm, Selenium 12.6 ppb. The methods involved in this study covered, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Refractometry. Physico-chemical properties of date seed oil reported in this study were found similar to most of the early published results in this field.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.993.999
Copyright: © 2012 Rehab Salih Mahmoud Abdalla, Alsheikh AlGilani Albasheer, Abdel Rahim Mohamed ELHussein and ELrasheed Ahmed Gadkariem. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Keywords
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- non-natural source
- date seeds oil