Wood and Shrub Dwelling Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of Rotected Areas of South-Eastern Kazakhstan

Corresponding Author: Meruyert Baizhunis Kazakh National Agrarian University Almaty, Kazakhstan Email: meruert.baizhunis@bk.ru Abstract: A biodiversity inventory of the woody of five families protected areas of the Charyn SNNP. The research revealed 30 species of predatory hemipterans from 5 families: Nabidae (4 species), Anthocoridae (12 species), Reduviidae (3 species), Miridae (5 species), Pentatomidae (6 species). According to trophic specialization, they are zoophages. According to the number of generations per year, they are divided into 3 groups: Monaovoltine (18 species), bivoltine (5 species), polyvoltine (6 species) and 1 species has an unknown number of generations. Among the predatory hemipterans of the Charyn SNNP, 21 species hibernate in the imago stage, 3 species in the imago and larva stage and 6 species in the egg stage. According to ecological features, all types aremesophila. Associated to the habitats of the Charyn SNNP the hemipterans are divided into several groups: dendrobionts (15 species), dendro-tamnobionts (2 species), dendro-tamnohortobionts (2 species), dendro-hortobionts (9 species), tamna-hortobiont (1 species), eurybiont (1 species). 2 species are included in the Red book of the Almaty region: Armacustos and Zirconia erulea.


Introduction
Hemipterans, or Bugs (Heteroptera), represent the largest order of insects with incomplete transformation. Hemipterans are of great importance in nature, they are well adapted to a variety of environmental conditions, food relations among bugs are distinguished by herbivores, carnivores and species with a mixed diet, consuming both plant and animal food. Some of the hemipterans, being the predators destroy the pests of crops and forests. In Kazakhstan, despite the important economic significance of hemipterans, their species composition, biology, ecology, distribution by natural zones and vertical belts and economic significance in certain physical and geographical areas of the republic are not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of this study.
The authors have previously published articles on water hemipterans and coleopterans (Yessenbekova and Nurgaliyev, 2010;Esenbekova et al., 2013), but dendrobium predatory hemipterans have not been studied.
The goal of the study was to create an annotated list of all recorded dendrobium Pentatomidae, with information on each species preferred habitats, trophic habits, diapause and other relevant data. These data serve two purposes: To inform forest and protected area management plans and to form the basis for long-term monitoring of protected area forest and ecosystem health. Monitoring the status of key species (pests, threatened species) critical.

Summarized Material and Methods Discussion
The biology and ecology of the dendrobiums Pentatomidae of South-Eastern Kazakhstan are poorly studied. This study is the first to focus on identifying tree and shrub dwelling Pentatomidae in the protected areas of this highly biodiverse region. We also documented key life history and ecological characteristics of the collected species: Feeding type, diapause, volcanism and habitat moisture preferences, using both our field data and field notes from existing collections maintained at the Kazakh national museum collections. 30 species of predatory hemipterans from 5 families were identified: Nabidae (4 species), Anthocoridae (12 species), Reduviidae (3 species), Miridae (5 species), Pentatomidae (6 species). Of these, 2 species (Armacustos, Zicronacaerulea) are listed in the Red Book of the Almaty region.

The Results of Research
An annotated list of identified species is provided below.
From Table 1 it can be seen that the fauna of the predatory hemipterans of the Charyn SNNP consists of the families Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Reduviidae, Miridae, Pentatomidae, 30 species were identified.
Hemipterans are characterized by wintering at different stages of development. In most species, winter diapause occurs at the imago stage, but few species winter in the egg or larva stage. The hemipterans of the Charyn SNNP wintering in the imago stage are 21 species, in the imago stage and larvae only 3 species overwinter, in the egg stage 6 species overwinter.
The seasonal development of the hemipterans is heterodynamic. Voltinism of the population reflects the number of annual generations. For the hemipterans of the Charyn SNNP, 3 known types of voltinism are characteristic: Monovoltine species -18; bivoltine -5; polyvoltine -6 species, Empicoris vagabundus the number of generations is unknown. According to ecological features, all types of mesophiles, they inhabit open and shaded habitats with a moderate degree of moisture.

Author's Contributions
All authors equally contributed in this work.

Ethics
This article is original and contains unpublished