British Airways is Ordering up to 42 Boeing 777-9s Aeronaves to Modernize the UK Flag Carriers Long-Haul Fleet

Email: rvvpetrescu@gmail.com Abstract: The Boeing 777 (sometimes referred to as Triple 7) is a largecapacity subsonic long-haul bomber aircraft built by the American company Boeing. This type of aircraft holds the current record of autonomy for commercial jets (17,450 km without food). Other special features of the aircraft include the perfect circular fuselage, a set of six wheels on each axle of the landing gear and the ability to be equipped with the high-performance General Electric GE90 engine. The 777 has been exclusively designed using CAD technology (with CATIA version 3), being the first airplane designed without building test structures before. Verification of joints and construction techniques has also been done digitally, with all the structures built up being included in the actual aircraft. The aircraft was designed to serve as an immediately superior Boeing 767 model and was built in airline consultancy (United Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, ANA, British Airways, JAL, Qantas and Cathay Pacific) came from United Airlines in 1990 and the first flight took place on June 14, 1994, at the Boeing factory in Everett, near Seattle. It was the first ETOPS 180 bimonthly aircraft (it can fly up to 180 min from any airport able to take it). It is one of the best-selling (two-color) passenger airplanes in history, of which 988 were ordered, of which 635 were already delivered to the airlines. Its main competitors are Airbus A330 (for medium distance routes), Airbus A340 (for long-distance routes, with the claim that this model has the disadvantage of having four engines) and the future of the Airbus A350XWB-1000. Boeing plans to replace the model with the Yellowstone 3 code model in 2012-2015. The aircraft is equipped with modern technologies: Digital flight instruments offered by Honeywell LCD panels, fly-by-wire control, manual back-up systems, fully controllable avionics from software, use of composite materials on a larger surface (9% by mass), optical fiber as the primary transmission and control system for avionics, the largest and most powerful engine ever installed in a commercial aircraft (GE90-115B1) and the largest landing gear plus, the landing train allows the highest maximum weight on a wheel of all commercial jets 23.73 t). The aircraft also uses classic technologies such as the classic jump, unlike the Airbus models that have switched to joysticks. Similarly, the front section (section 41) is identical to that of the Boeing 767. For the comfort of pilots and crew members over long distances, there is a special resting space above the passenger cabin, complete with beds. In fact, the entire interior of the plane was new and then used in other models.


Introduction
Boeing is a US civil and military aircraft manufacturer based in Chicago, USA. Boeing is Pentagon's second largest provider of aerospace and technological equipment after Lockheed Martin. The company is present in 70 countries around the world.
The company is organized into two main divisions:  19,1934. Boeing, who studied at Yale University, originally worked in the wood industry, where he became rich and learned about wooden structures. This knowledge proved to be invaluable in the design and subsequent assembly of planes. The company stayed in Seattle to take advantage of the local offer of spruce wood.
One of the two B&W floods built by George Conrad Westervelt, an American engineer, flew on June 15, 1916. Boeing and Westervelt decided to build the B&W hydrogen after they flew with Curtiss. Boeing bought a Glenn Martin "Flying Birdcage" (named by everyone who held it together) and was taught to fly by Glenn Martin himself. Boeing crashed into Birdcage soon and when Martin informed Boeing that spare parts would not be available for months, Boeing realized he could build the plane at that time. He and Cdr's friend. G.C. Westervelt agreed to build a better aircraft and soon produced the B&W seaplane. The first Boeing was gathered in a hangar near the lake, located on the northeast shore of Lake Seattle. Many of Boeing's early planes were seaplanes.
On April 6, 1917, the US declared war on Germany and entered the First World War. On May 9, 1917, the company became the company "Boeing Airplane Company". During the war, Boeing knew that the American ship needed training aids. So, Boeing sent two

Materials and Methods
British Airways is ordering up to 42 Boeing 777-9s to modernize the UK flag-carrier's long-haul fleet.
Eighteen aircraft are firm orders, complemented by another 24 as options. The twinjets will be fitted with 325 seats in a four-class configuration.
BA parent IAG has disclosed the decision 28 (February, 2019 SOURCE: Flight Dashboard by: David Kaminski-Morrow London).
It says the 777-9s will be used to replace 14 Boeing 747-400s as well as four 777-200s over the course of 2022-25.
All the 777-9s will be powered by General Electric GE9X engines and the agreement includes a "comprehensive" support package, says IAG.
IAG chief executive Willie Walsh says the 777-9 is the "ideal replacement" for the 747 (Fig. 1).
The Boeing 777 (sometimes referred to as Triple 7) is a large-capacity subsonic long-haul bomber aircraft built by the American company Boeing. This type of aircraft holds the current record of autonomy for commercial jets (17,450 km without food). Other special features of the aircraft include the perfect circular fuselage, a set of six wheels on each axle of the landing gear and the ability to be equipped with the high-performance General Electric GE90 engine.
The 777 has been exclusively designed using CAD technology (with CATIA version 3), being the first airplane designed without building test structures before. Verification of joints and construction techniques has also been done digitally, with all the structures built up being included in the actual aircraft. The aircraft was designed to serve as an immediately superior Boeing 767 model and was built in airline consultancy (United Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, ANA, British Airways, JAL, Qantas and Cathay Pacific) came from United Airlines in 1990 and the first flight took place on June 14, 1994, at the Boeing factory in Everett, near Seattle. It was the first ETOPS 180 bimonthly aircraft (it can fly up to 180 min from any airport able to take it).
It is one of the best-selling (two-color) passenger airplanes in history, of which 988 were ordered, of which 635 were already delivered to the airlines. Its main competitors are Airbus A330 (for medium distance routes), Airbus A340 (for long-distance routes, with the claim that this model has the disadvantage of having four engines) and the future of the Airbus A350XWB-1000. Boeing plans to replace the model with the Yellowstone 3 code model in 2012-2015.
The aircraft is equipped with modern technologies: Digital flight instruments offered by Honeywell LCD panels, fly-by-wire control, manual back-up systems, fully controllable avionics from software, use of composite materials on a larger surface (9% by mass), optical fiber as the primary transmission and control system for avionics, the largest and most powerful engine ever installed in a commercial aircraft (GE90-115B1) and the largest landing gear plus, the landing train allows the highest maximum weight on a wheel of all commercial jets -23.73 t). The aircraft also uses classic technologies -such as the classic jump, unlike the Airbus models that have switched to joysticks. Similarly, the front section (section 41) is identical to that of the Boeing 767.
For the comfort of pilots and crew members over long distances, there is a special resting space above the passenger cabin, complete with beds. In fact, the entire interior of the plane was new and then used in other models.
The plane was designed to provide three marketsdepending on the required distance to travel: A market (3900-5200 nautical miles -7223-9630 km), B market (5800-7700 nautical miles -10742-14620 km) and C market (any over 8000 nautical miles -14816 km).
The 777-200 (sometimes 772A): Built for Market A, was first delivered in 1995 with United Airlines. The maximum take-off mass is 229-247 tons and the range is 3.780-5.150 nautical miles (7,000-9,500 km). It is available with three engine models: 329 kN Pratt and Whitney PW4074 at 329 kN, GE90-75B at 334 kN, or Rolls Royce Trent 875s, also at 334 kN. 88 777-200 aircraft were ordered, all delivered. The competition is the Airbus A330.
777-200ER (sometimes 772B): It was the initial offer for the B market, with a larger authorized mass (263-286 t), additional fuel tanks and increased autonomy of between 11,000 and 14,300 km. The first model was delivered in 1997 to British Airways. The model holds the single-engine flight record -sailed for 192 min (maximum ETOPS limit at that time) on March 17, 2003, with 255 passengers on board, over the Pacific Ocean, then landing safely. There were ordered 430 airplanes, of which 395 were already delivered. The competition is the Airbus A340-300.
The 777-200LR is the latest Boeing 777 -launched in 2006. It is the world's largest autonomous airplane capable of connecting almost any two airports in the world -the plane can fly 17446 km without stopping in 18 hours. It uses GE90-110B1 engines of 495 kN and has even more fuel tanks. Holds the record for flying a commercial jet, flying 21.602 km, from Hong Kong to London in 22 hours (the long route, the east, above the Pacific, America and the Atlantic normal route, to the west, it is much shorter, being daily traveled by several models). Currently, there are 40 models ordered, of which 2 have already been delivered to Pakistan International Airlines and one to Air Canada. Boeing works to be increased even more aircraft autonomy (and to compete with the future Airbus A350), so London-Sydney, one of the last routes that cannot be offered nonstop become possible. Currently, he does not have a competitor (Airbus A340-500 is the closest model but only has a lower range and four engines).
The 777-300 is the long-haul model for the A-Series and was also sold as a replacement for the original Boeing 747 models that had reached the end of their life. It is longer with 10.1 m, allowing up to 550 passengers in the charter configuration (in the standard configuration, three classes, the capacity is 368 passengers, with a 10,500 km autonomy. It is capable of ETOPS-180 and employs 400 kN of Pratt and Whitney (PW4090) or 436 kN General Electric GE90-92Bs. 60 pieces were ordered, all of which were delivered -the last command was held in 2002, the model being replaced by 777-300ER. Airbus A340-300 and Airbus A340-600 are competing models.
The 777-300ER is the top-of-the-range model, offering a 777-300 range and a greater range -nearly 14,594 km. This is possible due to GE90-115B engines, larger authorized masses and structural improvements that allow more fuel to be transported under similar passenger and freight conditions. The 777-300ER flew over 6 h with a single engine for ETOPS certification (although only 3 h of flight was required); 266 pieces were ordered from which 89 pieces were delivered.
The cargo model is built from a mix of 777-300ER (landing gear, tank) and 777-200LR (engines and structure). The first flight will take place in 2008 and will be able to carry nearly 103 tons over a distance of 9065 km.

Results
Flight 38 of British Airways was a flight that left Beijing Airport to Heathrow.pe airport on January 18, 2008, a Boeing 777-200er plane that served the flight lost both engines. The Avion planted 1 minute after that crashed on the runway. Of the 153 passengers, 47 were injured. The loss of engines was the ice from the fuel. The Avion was the first Boeing 777 thrown into the old iron.
Asiana Airlines flight 214 was a passenger transpacific flight operated by Asiana Airlines, which left Shanghai Pudong International Airport, to stop at Incheon International Airport near Seoul, South Korea, to the destination of San Francisco International Airport the county of San Mateo, California, USA. On July 6, 2013, a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft serving the flight missed the landing on San Francisco International Airport, with 291 passengers and 16 crew members aboard. Among the passengers, there were 141 Chinese citizens, 77 Korean citizens and 61 American citizens.
This was the first fatal accident involving a 777 model, three people losing their lives after the incident, but only two people from strict aviation accident (the third person (life after the impact of the plane and track) was hit by a fireman's car causing death).
Another incident is underway (08/03/2014) and involved a Boeing 777-200ER that took off from Kuala Lumpur with 239 people aboard, of which 227 passengers of 13 nationalities and 12 crew members and had to arrives in Beijing at 06.30 (00.30, Romanian time). At the time of writing, the plane was not declared as collapsing, but the Vietnamese navy has already found along ~ 15km of fuel in the South China Sea.
The worst incident was on July 17, 2014, when a 777-200ER Boeing aircraft was shot down 4 hours after Amsterdam left Schipol Airport to Kuala Lumpur. 298 passengers lost their lives. The 17-year-old 9M-MRD aircraft had its first flight on 17 July 1997, 17 years from the disaster.

Discussion
In the early 1930s, Boeing became a leader in aircraft construction and the design revolution that set the road for other tokens in the 1930s. In 1930, Monorail, a small monoplane wing carrying the mail, was built. Built entirely of metal, it was very fast and aerodynamic and had a retractable landing system. In fact, his design was so revolutionary that the engines and propellers of the time were not suited to realize the potential of the plane. Until the development of the propellers, Boeing built the Model 247 aircraft.
Two monorails were built. The second, model 221 had a cabin with six passengers. In 1931, Monomail design became the foundation of Boeing YB-9, the first monoplane bomber with golden console wings. Five examples came into operation between September 1932 and March 1933. The performance of the two-engine monoplane bomber led to a reconsideration of air defense requirements, although it was soon overcome by fast-moving bombers.
In 1932, Boeing introduced model 248, the world's first monoplane fighter. The P-26 Peashooter was in the front line with the US Air Force Corps from 1934 to 1938.
In 1933, the Boeing 247 was introduced, which set the standard for all competitors in the passenger transport market. The 247 was a completely metallic monoplane, much faster, safer and easier to remove than other passenger planes. For example, it was the first twoengine passenger plane to fly on an engine. In an era of insecure engines, this flight safety has been greatly improved. Boeing has built the first 59 aircraft exclusively for its own subsidiary operations of United Airlines. This severely affected competing airlines and was typical of the corporate anti-competitive behavior that the US government wanted to ban at the time. The direction established with the 247 was further developed by Douglas Aircraft, resulting in one of the most successful models in aviation history.
The Air Mail Act of 1934 banned airlines and manufacturers from being under the same corporate umbrella, so the company split into three smaller companies -Boeing Airplane Company, United Airlines and United Aircraft Corporation, the precursor United Technologies. Boeing retained the Stearman facilities in Wichita, Kansas. After splitting United Aircraft, William Boeing sold his shares and left Boeing. Clairmont "Claire" L. Egtvedt, who became Boeing's president in 1933, became president. He believed that the future of the company was building larger planes. The works began in 1936 on Boeing Plant 2 to fit the production of older modern aircraft.
From 1934 to 1937, Boeing developed a long-range experimental bomber, the XB-15. Since its introduction in 1937, it has been the largest craft harder than the air it has built so far. Attempts have shown that its speed has been unsatisfactory, but the design experience has been used to develop the 314 model that followed a year later.
Overlapping the YB-15 development period, Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) has reached an agreement to develop and build a commercial boat to transport passengers on the Transcaucasian routes. The first flight of Boeing 314 Clipper was in June 1938. It was the largest civilian aircraft of the day, with a capacity of 90 passengers a day and 40 passengers on night flights. A year later, the first regular American passenger service was inaugurated. in Great Britain. Subsequently, other routes were opened, so Pan Am flew with Boeing 314 soon to destinations around the world.
In 1938, Boeing finished his work at Stratoliner 307. It was the first cabin airplane in the world and was able to navigate at an altitude of 6,100 m, in most weather conditions. It was based on the B-17, using the same wings, tail and motors.
During the Second World War, Boeing built a large number of B-17 and B-29 bombers (Boeing ranks 12th among US companies in the value of wartime production contracts). Many of the workers were women whose husbands went to war. At the beginning of March 1944, production increased, so that each month more than 350 planes were built. To prevent an air attack, the production plants were covered with greenery and agricultural land. During the war, US airlines have cooperated. Boeing Booming B-17 was also assembled by Lockheed Aircraft Corp and Douglas Aircraft Co., while the B-29 was also assembled by Bell Aircraft Co. and by Glenn L. Martin. In 1942, Boeing began developing the C-97 Stratofreighter, the first in a generation of heavy military transport; came into operation in 1947. The C-97 was successfully adapted to be used as a fuel tank, although its transport role was soon limited by models that had advantages either in versatility or capacity.
After the war, most bombing orders were canceled and 70,000 people lost their Boeing job. The company wanted to recover quickly by selling the Stratocruiser (model 377), a four-engine luxury commercial aircraft derived from the C-97. However, sales of this model were not as expected and Boeing had to look for other opportunities to overcome the situation. In 1947, Boeing flew his first aircraft, XB-47, where B-47 and B-52 bombers were successful.
Boeing has developed military planes such as B-47 Stratojet bombers and B-52 Stratofortress in the late 1940s and 1950s. In the early 1950s, Boeing used the company's funds to develop a 367-80 number that led to the KC-135 Stratotanker and Boeing 707. Some of these were built at the Boeing facilities in Wichita, Kansas, which existed between 1931 and 2014.
Between the last delivery of 377 in 1950 and the first order for 707 in 1955, Boeing was stopped by the commercial aviation market.
In the mid-1950s, technology advances significantly, giving Boeing the opportunity to develop and produce new products. One of the first was the short-range missile used to intercept the enemy plane. Until then, the cold war had become a fact of life and Boeing used its short-range missile technology to develop and build an intercontinental missile.
In 1958, Boeing began transporting 707, the first commercial airplane in the United States, in response to British Comet De Havilland, French Caravelle and Tupolev Tu-104 Soviet, which were the first commercial airplanes in the world. With the 707, a four-engined airplane and 156 passengers, the US has become the leader in commercial token production. A few years later, Boeing added a second version of this aircraft, the Boeing 720, which was slightly faster and had a shorter range.
Boeing was an important engine manufacturer for turbines in the 1950s and 1960s. Engines were one of the company's major efforts to expand its product base beyond military aircraft after the Second World War. Turbines with gas turbines started in 1943 and Boeing turbines were designated 502 (T50), 520 (T60), 540, 551 and 553. Boeing built 2461 engines before production began in April 1968 Many Boeing engine applications, with the boat.
Vertol Aircraft Corporation was acquired by Boeing in 1960 and was reorganized as a Boeing Vertol division. Chinook CH-47 with two wheels, produced by Vertol, took the first flight in 1961. This helicopter with heavy lifts remains a vehicle with jobs so far. In 1964, Vertol also began production of the CH-46 Sea Knight.
In December 1960, Boeing announced the 727 jetliner model, which entered the commercial service about three years later. The various variants of passengers, freight wagons and convertible wagons were developed for the 727 model. 727 was the first commercial jetliner to reach 1,000 sales.
On May 21, 1961, the company reduced its name to the current "Boeing Company".
Boeing won a contract in 1961 for manufacturing the S-IC stage of the Saturn V rocket, manufactured at Michoud's installation in New Orleans, Louisiana.
In 1966, Boeing President William M. Allen asked Malcolm T. Stamper to launch the production of the new 747 planes he proposed the future of the company. It was a challenge and monumental management and included building the largest factory in the world to build 747 at Everett, Washington, a factory that has the size of 40 football fields.
In 1967, Boeing introduced another short-and medium-range aircraft, the 737 engine. Since then, it has become the commercial airliner with the best-selling commercial airliner in aviation history. Several versions have been developed, mainly to enhance the capacity and range of seats; The 737 remains in production from February 2018, with the latest 737 MAX series.
The launch of ceremonies for the first 747-100 took place in 1968 at the new massive factory in Everett, about an hour's drive from Seattle's Boeing House. The aircraft made its first flight a year later. The first commercial flight took place in 1970. The 747 has an intercontinental range and a higher seating capacity than Boeing's previous aircraft.
Boeing also developed hydrophones in the 1960s. USS High Point (PCH-1) was a submarine experimental hunter. USS Tucumcari Patrol Hydrophore (PGH-2) was more successful. Only one was built but saw service in Vietnam and Europe before collapsing in 1972. Water-jet waterproofing and submerged flyers were examples of the latest Pegasus Nursery and Patrol Hydrofoils 929 Jetfoil in the 1980s Tucumcari and Ships Later they were produced in Renton. While hydrophore vessels were closed in the late 1980s, Boeing Jetfoils are still in service in Asia.
In the early 1970s, Boeing suffered a simultaneous decrease in Vietnam's military spending, the slowdown in the space program, such as the Apollo project, the 1969-1970 recession and the $ 2 billion company's debt, building the new 747 aircraft. Boeing has not received orders for more than a year. The best thing for the future, the 747, was delayed in production for three months due to problems with the Pratt and Whitney engines. Then, in March 1971, Congress voted to suspend the funding for the development of the Boeing 2707 Supersonic (SST), the US response to the British-French Concorde, forcing the end of the project.
The commercial aircraft group, by far the largest Boeing unit, moved from 83,700 employees in 1968 to 20,750 in 1971. Each unpaid Boeing employee cost at least one job in Seattle and the unemployment rate increased to 14%. Population vacancy rates rose to 16%, from 1% in 1967.
In January 1970, the first 747, a four-engine longrange aircraft, flew its first commercial flight to Pan American World Airways. The 747 has changed the aerospace industry, offering a much higher capacity than any other production aircraft. The company delivered more than 1,500 Boeing 747 engines. The 747 product has undergone continuous improvement to keep it up-todate. Larger versions have also been developed by stretching the upper deck. The latest version of 747, 747-8, has been in production since 2018.
Boeing launched three Jetfoil 929-100 hydrophones purchased in 1975 for service in the Hawaiian Islands. When the service ended in 1979, the three hydrophones were acquired by Far East Hydrofoil for service between Hong Kong and Macao.
In the 1970s, Boeing also developed the US Light Light Rail vehicle, which was used in San Francisco, Boston and Morgantown, West Virginia.
In 1983, the economic situation began to improve. Boeing has collected 1,000 passenger planes. In the following years, commercial aircraft and military versions became the basic equipment of airlines and air forces. As passenger air traffic increased, the competition was more difficult, especially from Airbus, a new European entrant in commercial aircraft production. Boeing had to provide new aircraft and developed a single 757, the largest unidirectional corridor 767 and improved versions of 737. An important project of these years was the space shuttle, to which Boeing contributed with its experience in the spacecraft purchased in the Apollo period. Boeing also participated with other products in the space program and was the first contractor of the International Space Station Program.
Over the decade, several military projects have entered production, including Boeing's support for the B-2 stealth bomber. As part of a Northrop-led industrial team, Boeing built the exterior of the B-2, the center of the puppy's central fuselage, the landing system, the fuel supply system and the weapon delivery system. At its peak in 1991, the B-2 was Boeing's largest military program, which hired about 10,000 people. In the same year, the US National Aeronautics Association awarded the B-2 Colli Trophy the largest aerospace achievement in America. The first B-2 came out of the final assembly plant of the bomber in Palmdale, California in November 1988 and flew for the first time on July 17, 1989. The air defense system against airplanes and a new generation of short-range missiles have also entered production. During these years, Boeing has been very active in modernizing existing military equipment and developing new ones. Boeing has also contributed to the development of wind energy with MOD-2 experimental wind turbines for NASA and the United States Department of Energy and MOD-5B for Hawaii.
Boeing was one of the seven companies that fought for the advanced tactical fighter. Boeing agreed with General Dynamics and Lockheed for all three companies to participate in the development if one of the three companies was selected. The Lockheed design was finally selected and developed in the F-22 Raptor.
In April 1994, Boeing presented the most modern commercial aircraft, the 777 engine, with a capacity of approximately 300-370 passengers in a typical three seater seat between 767 and 747. The longest aircraft with two engines at sea 777 a, was the first Boeing to have a cable system and was designed in part to meet the challenges posed by the European Airbus on Boeing's traditional market. This aircraft has reached an important milestone being the first aircraft to have been fully engineered by Computer-Aided Design (CAD) techniques. The 777 was also the first airplane to be certified for the 180-minute ETOPS at FAA commissioning. Also in the mid-1990s, the company developed the revised version of the 737, known as 737 "Next-Generation" or 737NG. Since then, it has become the fastest selling option in 737 histories and on April 20, 2006, sales have passed those of the "Classic 737" with a subsequent order for 79 Southwest Airlines.
In 1995, Boeing chose to demolish the headquarters complex on East Marginal Way South instead of updating it to fit new seismic standards. The headquarters were moved to an adjacent building and the plant was demolished in 1996. In 1997, Boeing relied on East Marginal Way South at King County Airport in Seattle.
In 1996, Boeing acquired Rockwell's aerospace and defense units. Rockwell Business Units have become a Boeing subsidiary, named Boeing North American, Inc. In August 1997, Boeing merged with McDonnell Douglas in a $ 13 billion swap and Boeing was the surviving company. After the merger, McDonnell Douglas MD-95 was renamed Boeing 717 and tri-jet MD-11 production was limited to merchandise. Boeing introduced a new corporate identity with the completion of the merger, incorporating the Boeing logo and a stylized version of the McDonnell Douglas symbol, which was derived from the Douglas Aircraft logo of the 1970s.
An aerospace analyst criticized the chief executive and his deputy, Philip M. Condit and Harry Stonecipher because they first thought of their personal benefits and caused Boeing's problems many years later. Instead of investing a large cash reserve to build new planes, they have launched a program to buy Boeing shares for more than $ 10 billion.
In May 1999, Boeing studied the acquisition from Embraer to encourage the community between E-Jets and Boeing 717 but was set by US President Harry Stonecipher. He preferred to buy Bombardier Aerospace, but his owner, the Beaudoin family, asked too much for Boeing, who remembered buying Havilland Canada in the 1980s, losing a million dollars a day three years earlier to sells Bombardier 1992.
In January 2000, Boeing chose to expand its presence in another satellite communications sector by acquiring Hughes Electronics. Hughes Space and Communications, which pioneered satellite communications.
In September 2001, Boeing moved Seattle to Chicago. Chicago, Dallas and Denver -who were struggling to become the new home of the largest aerospace concern in the world -offered millions of dollars. Its offices are located in the Fulton River District just off Chicago.
On October 10, 2001, Boeing lost his rival, Lockheed Martin, to tens of billions of dollars in the Joint Strike Fighter. Boeing's entry, X-32, was rejected in favor of Lockheed X-35's participant. Boeing continued to serve as the main contractor at the International Space Station and built some of the major components.
Boeing began to develop the KC-767 fuel tank in the early 2000s. Italy and Japan have ordered four KC-767s. After FAA delays and certifications, Boeing delivered tanks to Japan in 2008, followed by the second KC-767 on March 5, 2010. Italy received four KC-767 in 2011.
In 2004, Boeing finished production of 757 after 1050 aircraft were produced. The more advanced versions of the 737 began competing against the 757 and the planned 787-3 plan was to fill most of the 757 markets. In the same year, Boeing announced that model 717, the newest civil aircraft, McDonnell Douglas, will begin production in 2006. 767 was also in danger of canceling the replacement of 787 but ordered the extended load schedule. After several decades of success, Boeing lost ground to Airbus and subsequently lost its leading position in the aircraft market in 2003. The multiple Boeing projects were tracked and then canceled, especially the Sonic Cruiser, a proposed jetliner to travel with the speed of sound, reducing intercontinental travel by up to 20%. It was launched in 2001 with a new campaign to promote the new motto of Forever New Frontiers and redefine its image. However, the fate of the plane was sealed by changes in the commercial aviation market after the Sept. 11 attacks and by the poorer economy and rising fuel prices.
Later, Boeing optimized his production and turned his attention to a new Boeing 787 Dreamliner, using much of the technology developed for the Sonic Cruiser, but in a more conventional aircraft designed for maximum efficiency. The company also launched new variants of its successful 737 and 777 models. The 787 proved to be a very popular choice for airlines and earned a record number of orders before launch. With delays in the Airbus A380 program, several airlines have threatened to change the A380 orders in the new 747-8 version of Boeing. The Airbus response to the 787, A350, received a warm response at the start when it was announced as an enhanced version of the A330 and then received important commands when Airbus promised a completely new design. The 787 programs encountered delays, the first flight did not take place until the end of 2009.
After regulatory approval, Boeing created a joint venture, the United Launch Alliance with its competitor, Lockheed Martin, on December 1, 2006. The new association is the largest provider of missile launch services to the US government.
In 2005, former Boeing CEO Gary Scott and then CEO of Bombardier CSeries suggested collaboration for future CSeries, but an internal study embraced Embraer as the best partner for regional jets. The Brazilian government wanted to keep control and blocked a purchase.
On August 2, 2005, Boeing sold the Rocketdyne rocket engines division to Pratt and Whitney. On May 1, 2006, Boeing agreed to buy Dallas, Aviall, Inc. in Texas for $ 1.7 billion and keep $ 350 million in debt. Aviall, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Aviall Services, Inc. and ILS formed a wholly-owned subsidiary of Boeing Commercial Aviation Services (BCAS).
On August 2, 2005, Boeing sold the Rocketdyne rocket engines division to Pratt and Whitney. On May 1, 2006, Boeing agreed to buy Dallas, Aviall, Inc. in Texas for $ 1.7 billion and keep $ 350 million in debt. Aviall, Inc. and its subsidiaries, Aviall Services, Inc. and ILS formed a wholly-owned subsidiary of Boeing Commercial Aviation Services (BCAS).
Realizing that an increasing number of passengers relied on their computers to stay in touch, Boeing introduced Connexion by Boeing, a satellite-based satellite service that promised air travelers unprecedented access to the World Wide Web. The company started in 2005 with journalists, receiving generally favorable reviews. However, in the face of competition from cheaper options, such as cellular networks, it turned out to be too difficult to sell to most airlines. In August 2006, after a short and unsuccessful search of a business buyer, Boeing opted for service discontinuation.
On Boeing also received the launch contract from the US Navy for the P-8 Poseidon Multimission Maritime Aircraft, an anti-submarine patrol war aircraft. He also received orders for 737 AEW&C "Wedgetail". The company also introduced new versions with an extended range of 737. These include the 737-700ER and 737-900ER models. The 737-900ER is the newest and will expand the range 737-900 in a range similar to that of the 737-800, with the capacity to cover more passengers due to the addition of two additional emergency exits. In May 2006, four conceptual models examined by Boeing were presented in The Seattle Times on the basis of the company's internal documents. The research targets two directions: Low-cost planes and ecological planes. Codenamed by the Muppets family, a design team known as the Green Team focused primarily on reducing fuel consumption. All four models illustrate the look of the rear engine.
"Fozzie" uses open rotors and offers a lower cruise speed.
The "Cup" has very thin, long wings with the ability to partially fold to facilitate movement.
"Kermit Kruiser" has front-facing wings, over which the engines are positioned to reduce the low noise due to the ascending signing of the escape signature.
"Honeydew" with the delta wing design, resembles a marriage of the wing concept and the traditional tube fuselage.
As with most concepts, these models are only in the exploration phase, designed to help Boeing assess the potential of such radical technologies.
Boeing has recently patented field intensity technology, also known as the shock wave attenuation system, which would protect vehicles against shock waves generated by nearby explosions. Boeing has not yet confirmed when he plans to build and test the technology.
In the summer of 2010, Boeing acquired Fairfax, based on VA C4ISR and the developer of the Argon ST combat system, to expand its C4ISR cybernetic and intelligent capabilities.
In 2011 On January 5, 2012, Boeing announced that it would close the factory in Wichita, Kansas, with 2160 workers before 2014, more than 80 years from its inception, employing up to 40,000 people.
In May 2013, Boeing announced it will reduce to 1,500 IT jobs in Seattle over the next three years through layoffs, losses and especially relocations in St. Louis and North Charleston, South Carolina -600 jobs each. In September, Boeing announced that their installation in Long Beach, the C-17 Globemaster III military transport, will be closed.
In January 2014, the company announced profits of $ 1.23 billion for Q4 2013, a 26% increase due to higher demand for commercial aircraft. The last aircraft to be served at Boeing Wichita Station left in May 2014.
In September 2014, NASA awarded Boeing and SpaceX contracts for the transport of astronauts to the International Space Station.
In June 2015, Boeing announced that James McNerney would resign as CEO to be replaced by Boeing Dennis Muilenburg's COO on July 1, 2015. The 279th and the last C-17 were delivered before the closure, affecting 2,200 jobs.
In February 2016, Boeing announced that Boeing Chairman and CEO, Dennis Muilenburg, was elected as the 10th President of the Council, after James McNerney.
In March, Boeing announced plans to cut up to 4,000 jobs in the airline business division by mid-year. On May 13, 2016, Boeing opened a 27-acre factory in Washington, which will produce composite carbon wings for the Boeing 777X to be shipped from 2020.
On April 28, 2016, Bombardier Aerospace sold 75 CSeries CS100 firmly plus 50 options for Delta Air Lines. On April 27, 2017, Boeing filed a dumping claim for each of them, at a price of $ 19.6 million, below the cost of production of $ 33.2 million.
On June 9, 2017, the International Commerce Commission (USITC) found that US industry could be threatened. On September 26, the United States Department of Commerce (DoC) has noticed 220% of subsidies and will collect deposits based on them.
It will add a preliminary anti-dumping duty of 80%, resulting in a total charge of 300%.
DoC announced the final ruling, a total charge of 292%, on December 20th. On January 10, 2018, the Canadian government lodged a complaint with the World Trade Organization against the United States.
On January 26, 2018, the four USITC Commissioners unanimously agreed that the US industry is not threatened and that no pass orders will be issued to overturn the taxes imposed. The Commission's public report was made available by February 2018. On March 22, Boeing refused to appeal the ruling.
In October 2017, Boeing announced plans to acquire Aurora Flight Sciences to expand its capabilities to develop autonomous, long-distance and long-distance aircraft for commercial and military business, pending regulatory approval.

Conclusions
British Airways is ordering up to 42 Boeing 777-9s to modernize the UK flag-carrier's long-haul fleet.
Eighteen aircraft are firm orders, complemented by another 24 as options. The twinjets will be fitted with 325 seats in a four-class configuration.
BA parent IAG has disclosed the decision 28 (February, 2019 SOURCE: Flight Dashboard by: David Kaminski-Morrow London).
It says the 777-9s will be used to replace 14 Boeing 747-400s as well as four 777-200s over the course of 2022-25.
All the 777-9s will be powered by General Electric GE9X engines and the agreement includes a "comprehensive" support package, says IAG.
IAG chief executive Willie Walsh says the 777-9 is the "ideal replacement" for the 747.

Acknowledgement
The work was appreciated by teams of professors from the departments of automobiles from several universities in Romania and Italy. This text was acknowledged and appreciated by Associate Professor Aniello Riccio SECONDA UNIVERSITA' DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI Italy, whom we thanks and in this way.

Ethics
Author declares that are not ethical issues that may arise after the publication of this manuscript. This article is original and contains unpublished material.