TY - JOUR AU - Li, Rui AU - Zhang, Bo AU - Xiu, Shuangning AU - Wang, Hui AU - Wang, Lijun AU - Shahbazi, Abolghasem PY - 2015 TI - Characterization of Solid Residues Obtained from Supercritical Ethanol Liquefaction of Swine Manure JF - American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences VL - 8 IS - 4 DO - 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.465.470 UR - https://thescipub.com/abstract/ajeassp.2015.465.470 AB - Animal wastes are considered as renewable energy resources, which contain a great energy potential. For this study, swine manure was treated with supercritical ethanol within the reaction temperature range of 240-360°C to produce bio-oil, resulting in a significant amount of solid residues. Solid residues were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM), surface area, elemental and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Solid residues were mainly composed of carbon (26-29 wt%) and ash (35-45 wt%) and exhibited low surface areas (11-17 m2/g). The analyses indicated an incomplete conversion of lignocellulosic components and thermal chemical reactions including hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, aromatization and condensation. Supercritical ethanol liquefaction is considered as a feasible way to remove oxygen and utilize carbon and hydrogen in swine manure to produce carbonaceous materials and energy condensed bio-fuels.