Remineralization Potential of Bioactive Composite Resins: A Systematic Review

Abstract

To evaluate the clinical performance and potential of giomer-based materials in promoting the remineralization of dental structures through a systematic review of the literature. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to March 2024. “giomer,” “S-PRG,” “bioactive restorative materials,” “remineralization,” and “dental caries.” Inclusion criteria comprised clinical studies involving human subjects, with follow-up periods of at least 6 months, evaluating outcomes such as caries recurrence, marginal adaptation, and material retention based on USPHS and ICDAS criteria. Out of the studies included, giomer-based sealants demonstrated a low incidence of secondary caries, with one study reporting only one case in a 48-month period, considered clinically insignificant. In terms of retention, only 6% of giomer sealants remained fully retained after 18 months in one study. For Class V restorations, retention ranged from 82.5% (alpha) to 17.5% (Charlie) depending on the study, and in Class I and II restorations, performance varied by location (occlusal vs. non-occlusal). Across multiple studies, giomer materials consistently showed superior surface finish and color matching compared to conventional materials. However, retention performance was often inferior. Giomer-based restorative materials containing S-PRG particles exhibit promising results in maintaining healthy dental structures and preventing caries progression, despite variable retention outcomes. Their aesthetic and marginal adaptation properties make them suitable for use in Class I, II, and V restorations. Further long-term clinical trials are necessary to strengthen evidence regarding their remineralizing potential.