Extragalactic Diffuse Cascade Emission as a Probe of Processes in Active Galactic Nuclei

Abstract

In this study, we discuss possible imprint of source characteristics on extragalactic diffuse cascade emission that is initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays propagating through the universe. The common opinion is that cosmic ray sources are active galactic nuclei. Based on cascade emission analyses we demonstrate that possibly a new subclass of cosmic ray sources exists, a particle flux from which on the Earth is small, however producing noticeable gamma-ray and neutrino emissions in the universe. We also estimate a fraction of active galactic nuclei with super-strong magnetic fields in their centers among those with common characteristics.