Clinical and Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients

Abstract

To identify clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with the risk of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. A case-control study in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Cases: patients coinfected with HIV and pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Controls: no clinical tuberculosis and PPD negative, matched for age and sex. Primary data were obtained from medical records and personal interviews. We identified 47 cases and 94 controls. The main risk factors identified were: underweight (malnutrition) (BMI ≤ 18.49), abscence of antiretroviral therapy, CD4 + cells count ≤ 199 cells/mm³, RNA HIV-1 viral load ≥ 100,000 copies/mL. Tuberculosis is associated to multiple risk factors in HIV infected patients, clinical factors are more important that sociodemographic ones. CD4+ cells count < 200 cells/µL, malnutrition IMC < 18.9 and RNA HIV-1 viral load > 100,000 copies/mL are associated with tuberculosis in HIV infected patients.