Maize Oil Can Replace Fish Oil in The Diet of Grouper Postlarvae (Epinephelus Coioides) Without Adversely Affecting Growth or Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on growth, survival and body composition of 40 day post hatch larval grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Fish were fed fish meal and protein hydrolysate based diets for 32 days with either 100% maize oil or 100% fish oil in triplicate from 40-day after hatching to slaughter size (fish weight: 0.32 g to 11 g). Final body wet weight (FBW: 11.8±0.7 and 11.1±0.1, respectively), weight gain (WG: 3556±251 and 3360±189, respectively), specific growth rate (SGR: 11.2±0.2 and 11.1±0.2, respectively) and survival rate (80±5 and 79±4, respectively) were not significantly affected by dietary lipid sources (P>0.05). The effect of different oil sources on the composition of tissues was significant only for dorsal muscle lipid. In dorsal muscle, lipid content was significantly higher in fish oil group. The fatty acids composition of the muscle lipids well reflected the fatty acids composition of the experimental diets. The growth performance showed that a balance is required between growth-promoting essential fatty acids (EFA) qualities of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) and their potentially growth-inhibiting (pro-oxidant) qualities. Results indicated when EFA of the diet are sufficient for the development of postlarvae, there is no difference whether use fish or maize oil in the formulated diets, 2.87% n-3 HUFA is sufficient for grouper postlarvae development and more n-3 HUFA are not necessarily beneficial to fish performance.