Research Article Open Access

Modeling Hepatocellular Toxicity of Enavatuzumab, a Humanized Anti-TweakR Antibody

Donghee Choi1, Yanhong Zhu2, Debra Tien Chao1, Mien Sho1, Susan Rhodes1, Melvin Fox1, Gary Charles Starling3 and Patricia Ann Culp4
  • 1 AbbVie Biotherapeutics, United States
  • 2 Dermira Inc, United States
  • 3 Merck, United States
  • 4 Alector, United States

Abstract

In a Phase 1 clinical study, treatment with enavatuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to TweakR, resulted in liver toxicity in a subset of patients. The objective of this current study was to evaluate the ability of preclinical studies to predict liver toxicity in humans. Enavatuzumab was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys, where serum liver enzyme and cytokine levels were measured and histopathology of the liver was performed. TweakR expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in healthy human liver and in liver tissues from cancer patients. Enavatuzumab was also evaluated in vitro for its impact on human hepatocytes when cultured both alone and with immune cells. Enavatuzumab-treated cynomolgus monkeys exhibited liver enzyme elevations only at the highest dose level (100 mg/kg) and few cytokines were elevated after dosing. Bile duct hyperplasia was observed in the liver but appeared to be partially reversible. Compared with healthy liver, liver tissues from cancer patients exhibited marked elevation of TweakR expression, which was associated with immune cell infiltration. Enavatuzumab treatment of cultured hepatocytes, both in the presence and absence of immune cells resulted in increased cytokine release, but only in the co-cultures were liver enzymes elevated. These results suggest that due to differences in liver architecture between healthy humans and cancer patients, studies in healthy non-human primates may underestimate the potential for liver toxicity in human cancer patients. The use of additional in vitro assays in conjunction with in vivo studies may better predict the potential impact of a therapeutic agent on the liver in clinical studies.

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Volume 12 No. 2, 2017, 18-38

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2017.18.38

Submitted On: 18 July 2017 Published On: 9 November 2017

How to Cite: Choi, D., Zhu, Y., Chao, D. T., Sho, M., Rhodes, S., Fox, M., Starling, G. C. & Culp, P. A. (2017). Modeling Hepatocellular Toxicity of Enavatuzumab, a Humanized Anti-TweakR Antibody. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 12(2), 18-38. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2017.18.38

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Keywords

  • TweakR
  • Enavatuzumab
  • Liver Toxicity
  • Cytokine Release
  • Cynomolgus