Research Article Open Access

Heroin-Induces Differential Protein Expression by Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA)

Jessica L. Reynolds1, Supriya D. Mahajan1, Donald Sykes1 and Madhavan P.N. Nair1
  • 1 State University of New York at Buffalo, United States

Abstract

Heroin use is postulated to act as a cofactor in the neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Astrocytes, integral components of the CNS, are reported to be susceptible to HIV-1 infection. Upon activation, astrocytes release a number of immunoregulatory products or modulate the expression of a number of proteins that foster the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. However, the role of heroin on HIV-1 infectivity and the expression of the proteome of normal human astrocytes (NHA) have not been elucidated. We hypothesize that heroin modulates the expression of a number of proteins by NHA that foster the neuoropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We utilized LTR amplification and the p24 antigen assay to quantitate the effect of heroin on HIV-1 infectivity while difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with protein identification through high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the effects of heroin on the proteomic profile of NHA. Results demonstrate that heroin potentiates HIV-1 replication in NHA. Furthermore, heroin significantly increased protein expression levels for protein kinase C (PKC), reticulocalbin 1 precursor, reticulocalbin 1, tyrosine 3-monooxgenase/tryptophan 5-monooxgenase activation protein, chloride intracellular channel 1, cathepsin D preproprotein, galectin 1 and myosin light chain alkali. Heroin also significantly decreased protein expression for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, proteasome beta 6 subunit, tropomyosin 3, laminin receptor 1, tubulin alpha 6, vimentin, EF hand domain family member D2, Tumor protein D54 (hD54), ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex and ribosomal protein S14. Identification of unique, heroin-induced proteins may help to develop novel markers for diagnostic, preventative and therapeutic targeting in heroin using subjects.

American Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 2 No. 2, 2006, 49-57

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2006.49.57

Submitted On: 17 February 2006 Published On: 30 June 2006

How to Cite: Reynolds, J. L., Mahajan, S. D., Sykes, D. & Nair, M. P. (2006). Heroin-Induces Differential Protein Expression by Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA). American Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2006.49.57

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Keywords

  • Heroin
  • normal human astrocytes (NHA)
  • difference gel Electrophoresis (DIGE)
  • high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)