Sugar Utilization Potential of Micropolyspora Isolated from Extreme Environment

Problem statement: Waste water of various industries contain large am ount of organic compounds which are continuously added in sea via r iver which causes water pollution. There is need to degrade the organic content to abate water pollutio n. Approach: To stabilize the organic content in sea water, there was need to search such an organism wh ich as efficient to degrade organic content. We ha d screened the actinomycetes having potential to degr a organic compounds. Results: Total six isolates of Micropolyspora were obtained, from which all isolates were found t o utilize galactose, 50% isolates were able to utilize arabinose, fructose and xylose. 83% of isolates showed mannitol utilization while 67% isolates uses lactose as carbon source and 33% isol ates utilizes rhamnose. Conclusion/Recommendation: From the study performed, we conclude that, obtaine d most of Micropolyspora isolate may be used for the stabilization of organic content and hence in abate ment of pollution.


INTRODUCTION
The hydrosphere marine environment represents the major component of Earth biosphere. Ocean represents a vast and exhaustive source of natural products in the globe, harboring the most diverse group of flora and fauna. Marine microorganisms have developed unique metabolic and physiological capabilities to thrive in extreme habitats and produce novel metabolites which are not often present in microbes of terrestrial origin (Mincer et al., 2002). Ocean is largely unexploited or underexploited source of new potentially bioactive substances having great diversity.
There is tremendous diversity and novelty among the marine actinomycetes present in marine environments. As marine environmental conditions are extremely different from terrestrial ones, it is surmised that marine actinomycetes have different characteristics from those of terrestrial counterparts. Because of extraordinary conditions like extremely high pressure, low light and anaerobic conditions in deep sea and high salinity, alkalinity and low nutrient content, generic and metabolic diversity is different in marine actinomycetes; which remains largely unknown (Lam, 2006).
However, distribution of actinomycetes in the sea is largely unknown or unexplored. This is partly caused by lack of efforts spent in exploring marine actinomycetes.
Pollution of marine water is major problem because of shipping and presence of large number of textile industries nearby to seashore. Along with this sea water is polluted by mixing polluted river water with it.
Waste of Sugar industry, paper industry, textile industry, starchy product based industrial wastes; distilleries contain higher concentration of organic compound. This waste water is released in river and through which it get mixed into sea water this results into water pollution of marine ecosystem.
Pollution of oceans by the effluents released from these industries is proving a great problem for the marine life. Therefore, there is need to degrade the pollutants or reduce the pollution by biological control.
Actinomycetes have ability to degrade the complex substances. Bensultana et al. (2010) used actinomycetes for the preparation of waste water sand filters. Their findings indicate that antagonistic actinomycetes have potential involvement in removal of waste water associated pathogen.
Nocardia are interesting environmental organisms since, they are able to metabolise sterols and steroids found in animal wastes. They are also able to decompose rubber and other complex hydrocarbons found in many industrial wastes. In recent years, Nocardia have been implicated in the production of heavy scum on the surface of activated sludge aeration tanks, treating domesting sewage and various industrial wastes (McKinney, 2004).
Various carbohydrates utilization like mellibiose, raffinose, stachyose, lactose, sucrose. was tested to study the extent of degradation of oligosaccharides by Lyons et al. (1969). Proser and Palleroni (1978) studied nutritional characterization of actinomycetes. They found that there are number of actinomycetes which utilizes variety of sugars for their growth. D-arabinose, Lfucose, sucrose and quinate are substrates used by the four strains of Nocardia maditerranei and by relatively few of Streptomyces strain.
In the present study, actinomycetes were isolated from marine water, mud and sand samples to test their potential of sugar utilization. So that, these actinomycetes may have major role in degradation of waste which is carbohydrate in nature.
Morphological studies were carried out by coverslip culture technique and slide culture technique (Mycelium Pattern e.g., Aerial, Submerged and Surface mycelia and Structure of spore chain).
The organisms were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics grown on different growth media viz. Bennet's agar and Dextrose agar and spore chain morphology; they were further studied for their sugar utilization potential.
Results were recorded on the basis of presence or absence of growth.

Isolation and identification:
The organisms were isolated on glycerol aspargine agar and identified as Micropolyspora on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics by using Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology vol. 4 (Bergey et al.,1989) and MICRO-IS Software.

Sugar utilization pattern:
Result of sugar utilization pattern was recorded in Table 1.

Garcia
In comparison to these findings, we have also reported the potential of sugar utilization in Micropolyspora species isolated from marine environment. These sugars include galactose, mannitol, lactose, arabinose, fructose, xylose and rhamnose.

CONCLUSION
The Micropolyspora species were having potential to stabilize organic content in sea water hence, denote their role in abatement of pollution, in terms of organic content.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Researchers are thankful to the Principal of Shriman Bhausaheb Zadbuke Mahavidyalya Barshi for providing laboratory and library facilities to carry out this study.