The Development of Community Crime Preventing Network Model in Northeastern Thailand

Problem statement: Crime is the thing deteriorating social security. T he objectives of this research were to study: (1) the historical backgrou nd for preventing crime in northeastern region, (2) current situation and problem of community network for preventing crime in northeastern region and (3) develop the model of community network for prev enting crime in northeastern region. Approach: The research area included Mahasarakam, Ubonrachata ni and Amnaj-Jaroen Provinces. The population samples providing information were selected by Purposive Sampling, including: 36 experts, 30 key informants, 18 general villagers, t otal of 83 persons. The instruments using for collecting data, included: (1) the interview form, (2) the observation form, (3) focus group discussio n and (4) Workshop. Data were analyzed based on speci fied goal. The research findings were presented by analytic descriptive. Results: (1) For historical background of crime in northeast rn region, prevention and problem solving, were not prominent. It might be because the people had the King as their reverend, leader and protector. They also had t e religious holding their mind, traditional fram e controlling people in society. Besides, they had si mple life and were generous mind, supported with each other. So, the crime didn’t occur; (2) the cau se of crime in general, often occurred by various factors including the economic, social and cultural, the lack of education of people as well a s the influence of environment as major causes. The type of crime in recent time were changed in more complex forms including increased crime types, from ne person to group of the crime organization or international network. As a result, it caused more problems in the region and it’s nearby; (3) the pat tern of community network for preventing crime in northe astern region by managing model in which the member and organization in community, agreed to coo perate and connect with each other as community network for preventing crime. It was coll aboration from family, community, government officers including the police, prosecutor, court an d royal penalty for providing knowledge in preventing crime. The good tradition and culture we re applied in the network. Conclusion: In conclusions, the development of community network m odel for preventing crime was indispensable since it was the support between the public sector and people. The tradition and custom needed to be applied because the crime caused by the lack of vir tue and morality.


INTRODUCTION
The crime problem was one of very important problems of the government. The trend of crime was growing and increasing violence. It caused the demolish for security of people's life and property. Moreover, the major condition of economic, social, of the country which affected the people's mind. Consequently, the society didn't have peacefulness. The honest people couldn't feel secure in their own safety. There were many loses. It could be said that it was harmful to the country development.
According to the statistic of the criminal being investigated by the Court of Justice in 2007, the sum of whole country was 563,545 cases. Only at the court in Region 4 including the court in Khon Kaen, Mahasarakam, Roi-ed, Kalasin, Udontani, Sakonnakon, Mookdah.an, Nakon-Panom, Loei and Nongkai Provinces, the sum was 54,237 cases. In part of the cases going to be Investigated by the court of first instance in Mahasarakam province, there were 3,908 cases, the court in Roi-ed province for 4,976 cases and the court in Ubonrachatani Province for 1,950 cases. The most serious accusation to be investigated in criminal case of the court of first instance throughout the country for the first 5 orders including: the drug addiction act, the gambling act, the traffic act, the immigrant act and the stealing case. The condition of those kinds of crime was only the image reflecting image of statistic in some parts. It could be seen that throughout the time in the past, the police worked hard both in the measure and the crime prevention. But, it still didn't achieve goal which would make the people's safety in their life and property be protected as it should be. It wasn't sufficient to lower down the crime rates to the level which people could be tolerate with. The police's traditional strategy in controlling, their approach and technique were being changed into crime prevention leading suppressing focused on prevention as a major goal. Then, the control was used as the supported measure. The guidelines for prevention were performed by controlling the society to be relevant to rationale and guidelines for enhancing safety in life and property in order to go to and reach the real peacefulness in society. The office of national police organized the strategy of its office to be relevant to the charter law 2007 to focus on searching for collaboration and encouragement for people to participate in preventing crime, solving problem of crime and other problems so that there would be no crime or lowest level of it occurring. So, it was the correction on the causes as well as alleviated the harmfulness to be lowered down and disappeared. Therefore, the researchers were interested in studying model of community network in preventing crime. The research findings would be guidelines for crime prevention in future.
Objective: For this research, the objectives were specified to study the following issues: • The historical background of crime prevention in northeastern region • The current situation and problem of community network for crime prevention in northeastern region • The development of community network model for crime prevention in northeastern region

MATERIALS AND METHODS
For this study, the research areas were determined as: (1) Mahasarakam province, the villages to be conducted research study were: Ban-Konke-Ko, Koke-Ko Sub-district, Maung Mahasarakam District and Ban-Koke-Pra, Koke-Pra Sub-district, Kantarawichai District, (2) Ubonrachatani Province, the villages to be conducted research were Ban-pa-aw, Pa-aw Sub-district, Muang District and Ban-Kam-Leung, Kam-Yai Sub-district, Muang District and (3) Amnaj-Jaroen Province, the villages to be conducted research were: Ban-kai-kam, Kai-Kam Sub-district, Muang District and Ban-Nam-Pleek, Nam-Pleek Sub-district, Munag District. The population samples were 36 experts, 30 key informants and 18 general villagers, total of 83 persons. The instruments using for collecting data included: (1) the Interview Form, (2) the Observation Form, (3) Focus Group Discussion and (4) the Workshop. The obtained data were classified into groups and investigated by Triangulation Technique. They were analyzed based on specified goal. The research findings were presented in descriptive form.

RESULTS
There were research findings as follows: • For historical background of crime prevention in northeastern region, control, prevention and problem solving in the past, found that the types of occurred crime weren't obvious which might be because the people had the king as their reverend, leader and protector. They also had religion for holding their mind. So, they had simple life, generous mind and support with each other. If there were occurred problem, it was not so serious and could be agreed with each other. Most of the crime in the past would occur in the pattern of basic crime which wasn't complex. It might caused by quarreling. When they went to court, they could be compromised which they might be friends or relatives outside the breed later. So, the crime in the past was easily controlled • For the current situation and problem of community network for preventing crime in northeastern region, the cause of the crime in general, was caused by many factors including: (1) the economic, social and culture, (2) the lack of education of people as well as the influence of environment as major factors. The types of crime in present time were changed to be multi dimension complexity. There were some kinds in implementation of network in preventing crime. The problem and obstacle which the people didn't participate in crime prevention since it was related to the influential people. So, they were afraid of the danger which might happen to them and their family. Moreover, they lacked of knowledge and understanding in the police's role and function, lacked of knowledge and skill for participating in crime prevention, lacked of awareness for participating in crime prevention. Furthermore, people had their family burden in earning for living. Therefore, the implementation of network scarcely achieved goal • For the model of community network for crime prevention in northeastern region, it included the model in which the member and organization in community agreed to connect with each other like as community network for crime prevention, by organizing the major aspects including: (1) the major component of network, (2) the development of good characteristic of network, (3) the planning of work to be implemented, (4) the determination of network practice process, (5) the development of good characteristic for leader, (6) the development of community strength, (7) the exchanged interaction, (8) the emphasis on member participation, (9) the follow up and evaluation of supportive performance practice, (10) the development of network member to be extended and (11) the problem analysis. For the next implementation, both of government sector and private sector should provide support in thinking system, labor and source of funding

DISCUSSION
According to the findings of research findings, cold be discussed as follows: • For the historical background of crime prevention in northeastern region, it was caused by situation of society and environment including the prevention and problem solving as well as social class system to control. It was supported by Chantason (1998) approach, the cause of crime was stated that for the cause of crime in social system, it was viewed that the occurrence of crime was related to and based on many situations in the cultural environment. In the former time, Thai Society Situation was a peaceful society with respect for elders. Besides, the religion played an important role in one's living. Moreover, the belief in doing sin in Northeaat region was like the law. So, the Northeastern People focused on Heet-sibsong, Klong-sibsee which meant their norm of living in community people. It was supported by Tasanachikoon (1993) statement that the acceptance to rule and regulation of society, culture, belief and value as well as the respect to religion. These things were like the shield protecting and controlling them informally of crime prevention • For the current situation and problem of community network for crime Prevention relating to doing illegal things, gambling, land traffic, drug dependence. These basic guilt, would lead to the guilt in life and property. The condition of crime tended to be more increasing serious which would affect one's living. The cause was from social change in the growth of population, the changes in technology and culture. As a result, the crime would occur. It was supported by Bancheun (1989) statement in the cause of crime that the social situation or condition such as the inappropriate educational system, the insufficient living places and the widespread of paths of ruin, economic condition such as the unemployment, poverty, unequal and injustice income, political condition such as conflict or political fighting, were forces for the crime occurrence. Besides, the people and community had to participate in crime prevention. The organization in justice process had to interact with people or the project initiated by private sector. The project collaborated in crime prevention between the public sector and private sector in various levels, should be provided. It was supported by Boonmee (2004) statement that the Office of National police had force and power in enforcing the law; take care of safety and peacefulness for people. So, the organization for people had to be offered for people to participate in the whole system of working process from collaborated in thinking, determining the policy and practice direction so that the social improvement would be relevant to the real occurred situation • For the model of community network of crime prevention, the establishment of network occurred from determination by the work unit or organization as well as from the network connection, initiated by the leader and collaborated in doing activities, learning by practicing together in different forms. Furthermore, the continuous development of network member, the network would have more strength. The same as Charoenwongsak (2003) explanation that the connection as network not only as grouping of member with common interest for sharing their ideas. But, it had to be developed as the practice of activity together with the shared goal as well • For the community network model for crime prevention in Northeastern Region, the occurred network for crime prevention happened by people in community were aware of the occurred problem and collaborated in every aspect. It was supported by Kaewtep (2005) statement that the network development was the way to depend on each other. Shared responsibility, as equal relationship, without conflict in benefit, supported with each other. It could be said that the major component of collaborated network, was that the member, learning, investment, maintenance, member participation, every issue had to include shared communication and practiced with common goal

CONCLUSION
It could be concluded that the enhancement of social fund especially the framework of tradition, wisdom and lifestyle, virtue, morality, love, generosity, unity and dedication. The valuable culture should be revitalized for adapting in preventing the crime. Besides, the network should be created with strength in implementation as the free organization without sanction from outside. It had to be moved for being real independent organization.